You will debit either your cash account or bank account, wherever the proceeds of the loan are deposited to the business, when those proceeds are made available to you. In this particular case of an EIDL, you are receiving the funds as a deposit to your bank account, so the bank account will be debited using a journal entry with an equivalent credit to the loan account.

For other loans: You may also debit an asset account, if the loan was used to purchase or finance the asset directly (example).

Another explainer.

And another one here.