All of the steps contained in this thread do not resolve the issue in my case.  

Things I've tried:

• Looking at Azure Sign-In Logs (shows success for QuickBooks sign in but after the authenticator app approves the sign in request QB Desktop fails to move on and the dots just keep repeating in an endless loop as if it's still processing the confirmation from the authenticator app)
• Using both port 993 and 587 along with smtp and various combinations of the address (Microsoft advises 587 not 993)
• Turning on/off M-FA as well as Enforcing it (waiting an hour or more between each change)
• Confirming all services are turned on not just via the Admin portal GUI but via Power Shell as someone else eluded to in a previous post (because sometimes the checks don't actually turn the service on)
• Using the preset outlook option for webmail setup vs other (neither seem to work at the moment)
• Using QBTool Hub didn't resolve the issue

An Intuit support agent additionally concluded that the only resolution (at least in my case) is to not use my company email account, as they can't seem to get it working.  The agent I spoke to said they saw this at least one other time where they were unable to reach a fix for a user trying to send emails via a Microsoft account.