I have been a QuickBooks desktop user since 1995 and I have exactly the same problem of the 2023 QBD (that I just had to purchase because 2020 QBD was not supported) shutting down when I try to switch between my three companies.  I also wanted to avoid the online version because QuickBooks charges by company rather than by time period. 

I use Windows 11 and have tried the Hub repair - that did not work.

My solution has been to place a shortcut on my desktop that goes to the QB.data file on my "C" drive.

This works but is not the way it is supposed to be. 

I would abandon QuickBooks if I could find a decent alternative!