After struggling with this issue for over a month now, I ended up replacing all of my affected user's computers to solve the problem and this seems to have helped. I am thoroughly disappointed in QB support for not providing a solution or even workaround for this problem (even with "Enterprise" level support). Will certainly remember this next time we go to buy any Intuit product.

For what it's worth, we had to update one of our unaffected user's QuickBooks application over the weekend (QB only lets you ignore an update so many times before it forces you to install) and she just reported Chrome crashing when opening a company file for the first time. We are getting her a new workstation; terrible solution but it is the only thing we've tried that works.