Can you give your Company file to me or someone else that also has QB Desktop?  Yes. 

Unlike QB Online, with Desktop you can work with as many separate companies as you want. 

But be VERY careful that both of your are not making changes to the file on each of your computers.  And both of you need to be working with the same version of QBs Desktop.  I would frequently make corrections/changes to one of my client's Company file on my computer and then just load the file back onto their computer.