Thank you @Rea_M !

Voiding the liability check and re-submitting worked for me.

Can that be added to the "Update your EFTPS internet password" page?  That article shows how to update on the EFTPS website and then the steps to update QB, but I'm sure lots of people were like me and did not know they needed to update the password until AFTER the payment was rejected.  It took me quite a bit of searching to locate your wonderful solution.

Thanks again!