The number did not immediately trace back to Intuit/QBs, so my initial reaction is YES, it was a scam. 

But rule # 1 is to NEVER call these numbers back!!!!  Go to your records and find the number you have for Intuit (or any other Company) and use it to call back.  If it was really Intuit/QBs they will be able to transfer you to the right place or at least confirm that number is one of theirs even if they can't transfer you.

Using a number you have vs the one someone left in a message can pretty much eliminate the chance of connecting with someone that "sounds" like they're QBs.  And if you can't find the number, then you can always contact them through the Help Menu from within your QBs program.