I don't have the time at the moment to give you detailed instructions, but this has been a long-time problem.
There are specialized ports and permissions that need to be opened, depending upon your version and your software used (payroll or non-payroll), single or multi-user.
For a simple, single user Desktop install, I employ an already existing 'limited user' account that the eventual bookeeper will run, then login to the computer as OS Administrator, go to Control Panel and elevate the 'limited user' account temporarily to Administrator, then log back into the 'limited user' account (now elevated to Administrator level), install the Desktop software, then logout and log back into the Administrator account, go to Control Panel, and restore the elevated 'limited user' account back to the original 'limited user' account security level. This gets around any issues of not having sufficient security privileges to install programs for that limited user account, and allows the 'limited user' to run QB without Admin passwords. QB runs just fine as a limited user account.
As far as firewalls and security permissions, you can employ Process Explorer and PsExe programming tools from Mark Russinovich from Sysinternals.org (they are related to Microsoft). Running these tools will indicate with port was attempted to be opened but failed, which folder was attempted to be accessed but failed, etc. Using these tools will let you analyze exactly what you need to open in order to run, regardless of the QB version or computer you are on. It doesn't require programming, but does require a moderate level of computer expertise - if you are not comfortable with these somewhat advanced programs, you should call a computer expert friend. It is especially useful on a network install.
Quickbooks is not trivial to install, and is it desirable to employ someone experienced to install and setup Quickbooks. In my experience, they try, but even QB tech support staff doesn't have enough computer experience to assist you in installing on your computer. There are a lot of details they just can't see over the phone.
Just so you know, there is, somewhere on the Intuit Quickbooks website, a document describing the ports, registry settings, folder security permissions, for each recent version of installation of Quickbooks. It isn't easy to find, but it's out there somewhere. Elevation of user security from 'limited user' to Admin, temporarily, has solved a lot of problems for me. Desktop Pro 2020 was installed without issue simply by elevating temporarily 'limited user' level. Older versions were much more complex.
If you are performing a multi-user install on a network, you will have to open ports, and run different programs on different computers. Plan on a week to get it installed and debugged - not trivial. The documentation for Quickbooks is not great. I haven't seen yet a book for sale that covers this subject. Consequently, if you are an accountant and not a computer programmer, this is one case where hiring an experienced QB computer expert installer to install the program for you is money well spent (and I don't like spending money just for installation).
Just setting up Bank Feeds is a frustrating experience because of hidden features (the browser used to connect to the bank is restricted to the built-in Internet Explorer, which goes obsolete soon by Microsoft, and you can't use another browser). QB uses Internet Explorer regardless of your usual browser. They don't make this fact apparent, but once you understand it Bank Feeds works great!
Another slowdown in installation: during Bank Feeds downloads, QB asks you for the bank 'PIN' but it isn't a formal bank 'PIN', but just the normal password you use to login to the bank over a browser. A miscommunication of terms (PIN vs password), but will force you to spend hours and calling tech support setting up just this one function. Tech support doesn't know how to solve this problem - they hung up on me. Which is why I recommend employing someone experienced with these issues to perform the install for you these techniques aren't working for you, if you value your time.
